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| Man Overview Picture By Scienceinhand |
KEY POINTS
BIOLOGY
v The literal meanings of biology are “The Study of life”
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
v Environmental biology includes interaction between the organism and their inorganic and organic environment especially as it relates to human activity.
FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
v Freshwater biology is the branch of biology that deals with the organisms living in freshwater bodies i.e. rivers, lakes etc and physical and chemical parameters of there water bodies.
PARASITOLOGY
v The structure, mode of transmission, life histories and host parasite relationships are included in parasitology.
BIO-ELEMENTS
v The elements which form those chemical compounds from which the body of living organism made are called bio-elements. There 16 elements and a few others which occur in a particular organism are called Bio-elements.
MAJOR BIO-ELEMENTS
v In human body, only 6 bio-elements account for 99% of the total mass.
v Six major bio-elements include
Ø oxygen 65%
Ø carbon 18%
Ø hydrogen 10%
Ø nitrogen 3%
Ø calcium 2%
Ø phosphorus 1%
MINOR BIO-ELEMENTS
v Other bio-elements includes
Ø potassium 0.35%
Ø sulphur 0.25%
Ø chlorine 0.15%
Ø sodium 0.15%
Ø magnesium 0.05%
Ø iron 0.004%
Ø copper, manganese, zinc and iodine are found only in traces.
ORGAN
v A structure normally composed of several tissue type that form a functional unit is called an organ.
TISSUE
v A group of similar cells that perform a specific function form a tissue.
ORGANELLE
v A structure within a cell that performs a specific function is called organelle.
DIVISION OF LABOUR
v The arrangement of the organelles speaks of the division of labour within the cell.
BIOME
v A biome is a large regional community primarily determined by climate.
PHYLETIC LINEAGE
v A phyletic lineage is an unbroken series of species arranged in ancestor to descendant sequence with each later species having evolved from one that immediately preceded it.
HYPOTHESIS
v Tentative explanation of observation is called hypothesis.
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
v Deductive reasoning moves from the general to the specific.
INDUCTIVE REASONING
v Inductive reasoning moves from the specific to the general.
THEORY
v A series of hypotheses supported by the results of many tests is called a theory.
LAW
v A virtually irrefutable theory is called Law.
TRANSGENIC PLANTS
v Plants having foreign DNA incorporated into their cells are called transgenic plants.
CLONING
v Production of genetically identical copies of organisms / cells by asexual reproduction is called cloning.
CLONE
v A clone is defined as a cell or individual and all its asexually reproducing offsprings.
v Sheep was the first animal to be cloned.
HYDROPONIC CULTURE TECHNIQUES
v The technique which is used to know the nutritional requirements of plants is called hydroponic culture technique.
RADIOTHERAPY
v In radiotherapy, the cancerous part is exposed to short wavelength radiations from the radioactive material rapidly at regular internal.
GENE THERAPY
v Gene therapy consists of isolating the normal gene and inserting it into the host through bone marrow cells.
BIOREMEDIATION
v Removal or degradation of environmental pollutants or toxic materials by living organisms is called Bioremediation.
ENDANGERED SPECIES
v Species in which rate of production of new individuals is less than the rate of death are called Endangered Species.
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